我国科学家从两栖动物大蹼铃蟾的皮肤中发现了“孔道形成蛋白复合物”，该复合物能促进皮肤组织再生和修复，使伤口无疤痕愈合。该研究成果近日发表在国际期刊《美国实验生物学学会联合会会刊》上。

论文通讯作者、中科院昆明动物研究所研究员张云介绍，疤痕组织的形成是人体创伤修复中的常见副产物，会导致严重的临床功能障碍和美观问题。如何促进组织再生修复，同时避免和减少疤痕形成，是人们关注的问题。

张云说：“两栖动物的皮肤承担呼吸和水盐平衡等功能，其创伤修复必须是无疤痕的，以免损害相应的生理功能造成致命后果，两栖动物的这一特性给了我们启发。”

中科院昆明动物研究所生物毒素与人类疾病课题组从两栖动物大蹼铃蟾中发现了“孔道形成蛋白复合物”，而这种复合物具有激发组织进行修复、促进伤口无疤痕愈合的功能。

据介绍，该复合物是一类新的蛋白质复合体，它由“孔道形成蛋白”和“三叶因子”两部分构成。“与目前临床上对治疗烧伤、创伤的患者广泛使用的表皮生长因子相比，该复合物不仅可以通过加快皮肤组织损伤的再上皮化来促进伤口愈合，还具有减轻创伤水肿、促进无疤痕愈合，同时抵御耐药菌感染的特征。”张云说。

该研究为深入了解组织再生和修复、疤痕形成的分子病理机制提供了新思路，也对研发无疤痕治疗药物提供了参考。（来源：新华社 岳冉冉）

Pore-forming toxin-like protein complex expressed by frog promotes tissue repair

Abstract  Tissue repair is a highly dynamic process, and the immediate onset of acute inflammation has been considered necessary for repair. Pore-forming proteins are important, both in pathogen invasion and host immunity. However, their roles in wound healing and tissue repair are unclear. βγ-crystallin fused aerolysin-like protein (α-subunit) and trefoil factor (β-subunit) complex (βγ-CAT) is a complex of a bacterial pore-forming toxin aerolysin-like protein and trefoil factor identified in the frog Bombina maxima. In this study, we established mouse cutaneous wound models to explore the effects of βγ-CAT on skin wound healing. βγ-CAT accelerated the healing of full-thickness wounds by improving re-epithelialization. This complex relieved dermal edema and promoted scarless healing. βγ-CAT treatment resulted in a rapid release of IL-1β, which initiated an acute inflammation response in the early stage of healing. Meanwhile, the expression levels of TGF-β1, VEGF, and bFGF and the recruitment of M2 macrophages around the wound significantly increased after βγ-CAT treatment. βγ-CAT protected skin wounds against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by improving neutrophil recruitment at the site of the wound. Overall, our results suggest that βγ-CAT can promote tissue repair and protect skin wounds against antibiotic-resistant bacterial infection by triggering the acute inflammatory response. This is the first example that aerolysin-like pore-forming proteins widely existing in plants and animals may act in wound healing and tissue repair.

原文链接：https://www.fasebj.org/doi/pdf/10.1096/fj.201800087R